基于新型光纤的传输技术探讨

随着互联网的高速发展，引发了网络流量、电信骨干网流量急速增长，使得网络容量的提升迫在眉睫。目前，100G 系统已经商用，超100G系统能够更有效地解决流量和网络带宽持续增长带来的压力，本文主要介绍新型单模光纤的特性以及探讨基于新型单模光纤的传输技术。     

车辆自组织网络中新型NP-CSMA随机多址协议研究分析

智能交通的出现使得车辆自组织网络受到越来越多的关注。车辆自组织网络的动态拓扑结构变化非常剧烈,这对网络的吞吐率、传输速率等性能提出了很高的要求。提出1种具有握手机制协议的自适应多通道双时钟NP-CSMA随机多址接入协议。该协议首先区分2种P-CSMA协议,握手机制成功解决了隐藏的终端问题,双时钟机制减少了平均空闲时间,多通道机制增加通道数量和划分用户优先级的同时提高了系统吞吐率,自适应机制能够使系统在高负载下保持稳定吞吐率。还对该协议的传输速率进行了分析,得出该协议的传输速率相对较高的结论。通过平均周期方法推导吞吐率和传输速率的计算公式,仿真结果与理论推导一致。     

移动边缘计算环境下的动态资源分配策略

在通讯设备爆炸式增长的时代,移动边缘计算作为5G通讯技术的核心技术之一,对其进行合理的资源分配显得尤为重要。移动边缘计算的思想是把云计算中心下沉到基站部署(边缘云),使云计算中心更加靠近用户,以快速解决计算资源分配问题。但是,相对于大型的云计算中心,边缘云的计算资源有限,传统的虚拟机分配方式不足以灵活应对边缘云的计算资源分配问题。为解决此问题,提出一种根据用户综合需求变化的动态计算资源和频谱分配算法(DRFAA),采用"分治"策略,并将资源模拟成"流体"资源进行分配,以寻求较大的吞吐量和较低的传输时延。实验仿真结果显示,动态计算资源和频谱分配算法可以有效地降低用户与边缘云之间的传输时延,也可以提高边缘云的吞吐量。     

WavNet — Visual saliency detection using Discrete Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network

In the recent advancements in image and video analysis, the detection of salient regions in the image becomes the initial step. This plays a crucial role in deciding the performance of such algorithms. In this work, a Multi-Resolution Feature Extraction (MRFE) technique that makes use of Discrete Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network (DWCNN) for generating features is employed. An Enhanced Feature Extraction (EFE) module extracts additional features from the high level features of the DWCNN, which are used to frame both channel as well as spatial attention models for yielding contextual attention maps. A new hybrid loss function is also proposed, which is a combination of Balanced Cross Entropy (BCE) loss and Edge based Structural Similarity (ESSIM) loss that effectively identifies and segments the salient regions with clear boundaries. The method is tested exhaustively with five different benchmark datasets and is proved superior to the existing state-of-the-art methods with a minimum Mean Absolute error (MAE) of 0.03 and F-measure of 0.956.     

Targeting S1PRs as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bone Loss Diseases—Beyond Regulating S1P Signaling

As G protein coupled receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have recently gained attention for their role in modulating inflammatory bone loss diseases. Notably, in murine studies inhibiting S1PR2 by its specific inhibitor, JTE013, alleviated osteoporosis induced by RANKL and attenuated periodontal alveolar bone loss induced by oral bacterial inflammation. Treatment with a multiple S1PRs modulator, FTY720, also suppressed ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, collagen or adjuvant-induced arthritis, and apical periodontitis in mice. However, most previous studies and reviews have focused mainly on how S1PRs manipulate S1P signaling pathways, subsequently affecting various diseases. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms associated with JTE013 and FTY720 in modulating inflammatory cytokine release, cell chemotaxis, and osteoclastogenesis, subsequently influencing inflammatory bone loss diseases. Studies from our group and from other labs indicate that S1PRs not only control S1P signaling, they also regulate signaling pathways induced by other stimuli, including bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bile acid, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), IL-6, and vitamin D. JTE013 and FTY720 alleviate inflammatory bone loss by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing chemotaxis of inflammatory cells from blood circulation to bone and soft tissues, and suppressing RANKL-induced osteoclast formation.     

Discharge coefficient for vertical sluice gate under submerged condition using contraction and energy loss coefficients

A novel method is suggested for the determination of flow discharge in vertical sluice gates with considerably small bias. First, in order to derive an equation for the discharge coefficient, energy-momentum equations are implemented to define the physical realization of the phenomenon. Afterward, the discharge coefficient is presented in terms of contraction and energy loss coefficients. Subsequently, discharge coefficient, contraction, and energy loss coefficients were determined through an implicit optimization technique on the data. Data analysis illustrated that there is a meaningful power relationship between the contraction and energy loss coefficients. Thereafter, dimensional analysis is performed and an explicit best-fit regression equation is developed for defining the energy loss coefficient. The obtained equations for contraction and energy loss coefficients were then used in the computation of the discharge coefficient and determination of the flow discharge in the vertical sluice gate. The performance of the developed approach is validated against the selected benchmarks existing in the literature.     

The effects of washing a collagen sample prior to TEM examination

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important analysis technique to visualize (bio)macromolecules and their assemblies, including collagen fibers. Many protocols for TEM sample preparation of collagen involve one or more washing steps to remove excess salts from the dispersion that could hamper analysis when dried on a TEM grid. Such protocols are not standardized and washing times as well as washing solvents vary from procedure to procedure, with each research group typically having their own protocol. Here, we investigate the influence of washing with water, ethanol, but also methanol and 2-propanol, for both mineralized and unmineralized collagen samples via a protocol based on centrifugation. Washing with water maintains the hydrated collagen structure and the characteristic banding pattern can be clearly observed. Conversely, washing with ethanol results in dehydration of the fibrils, often leading to aggregation of the fibers and a less obvious banding pattern, already within 1 min of ethanol exposure. As we show, this process is fully reversible. Similar observations were made for methanol and propanol. Based on these results, a standardized washing protocol for collagenous samples is proposed.     

Performance assessment of gas crossover phenomenon and water transport mechanism in high pressure PEM electrolyzer

To improve proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzes’ performance the voltage loss through them should be avoided. In this work, it is intended to analyze losses including of diffusion loss, ohmic loss due to electrode, bipolar plate (BP), and membrane resistances, and gas crossover associated with the water transferring mechanisms. All of the losses are associated with water transferring mechanisms, which is created due to electro-osmoic drag, pressure differential between the anode and cathode sides, and diffusion. Furthermore, the effect of membrane thickness, cathode pressure, and operating temperature on the hydrogen crossover is examined. In addition, the contribution of ohmic loss due to electrode bipolar plate (BP), and membrane resistances is studied and, the contribution of different losses on the cell performance is discussed. Results show that raising cathode pressure from 1 to 40 bar lead to the increment of anodic hydrogen content from 1.038% to 21% at the specific current density of 10,000 A/m2. Enhancing the thickness of membrane has considerable impact on decrementing anodic hydrogen content, but the mass transfer loss rises from 0.022 to 0.027 V with enhancing membrane thickness from 50 to 300 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the contribution of voltage losses, assigned to each of losses are equal to 85%, 3%, and 12% for activation, diffusion and ohmic losses, respectively. It is found that, from the reported contribution for ohmic loss, the contribution of electrode BP, and membrane resistances are 31% and 69%, respectively.